Consistency checks

It is part of the data-cleaning process. Its basic purpose is to identify whether the data are within range, logical and consistent. For example, respondents have been asked to express their degree of agreement with a series of statements on a particular phenomenon on a 1-to-5 scale. If a respondent assigns 6,7,or 8 to any statement then the response is out of range. Similarly, responses can be logically inconsistent in various ways.